Dealership finally go back to me with an update and it has good and bad news.
Good news: The dealership determined the contaminate is not DEF, so the entire fuel system does not have to be replaced. Meaning, it wont cost the originally quoted $22,000.
Bad news: They still aren't able to say confidently what the contaminant is. The plan now is to drain the fuel tank, flush the system and clean the injectors. Once that is done, they will start it up and test. This alone is about $3,000.
They did suggest I make a auto insurance claim to help defray the costs. I submitted that last night, so we'll see how they respond.